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Progress in Physical Geography
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Has the climate become more variable or extreme? Progress 1992-2006

Neville Nicholls

School of Geography and Environmental Science, Building 11, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia, neville.nicholls{at}arts.monash.edu.au

Lisa Alexander

School of Geography and Environmental Science, Building 11, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia

In 1990 and 1992 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in its first assessment of climate change and its supplement, did not consider whether extreme weather events had increased in frequency and/or intensity globally, because data were too sparse to make this a worthwhile exercise. In 1995 the IPCC, in its second assessment, did examine this question, but concluded that data and analyses of changes in extreme events were ‘not comprehensive’and thus the question could not be answered with any confidence. Since then, concerted multinational efforts have been undertaken to collate, quality control, and analyse data on weather and climate extremes. A comprehensive examination of the question of whether extreme events have changed in frequency or intensity is now more feasible than it was 15 years ago. The processes that have led to this position are described, along with current understanding of possible changes in some extreme weather and climate events.

Key Words: climate change • frost • greenhouse effect • heat waves • weather extremes

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Progress in Physical Geography, Vol. 31, No. 1, 77-87 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0309133307073885
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