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The role of molecular genetics in sculpting the future of integrative biogeography

School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4004, USA, brett.riddle{at}unlv.edu

Michael N. Dawson

School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95344, USA

Elizabeth A. Hadly

Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020, USA

David J. Hafner

Biosciences Department, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, 1801 Mountain Road NW, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104, USA

Michael J. Hickerson

Biology Department, Queens College, CUNY, 65030 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367-1597, USA

Stacy J. Mantooth

School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4004, USA

Anne D. Yoder

Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA 27706

We review the expanding role of molecular genetics in the emergence of a vibrant and vital integrative biogeography. The enormous growth over the past several decades in the number and variety of molecular-based phylogenetic and population genetics studies has become the core information used by biogeographers to reconstruct the causal connections between historical evolutionary and ecological attributes of taxa and biotas, and the landscapes and seascapes that contain them. A proliferation of different approaches, sequences, and genomes have provided for the integration of a `biogeography of the Late Neogene' with other Earth and biological sciences under the rubrics of phylogeography, landscape genetics, and phylochronology. Approaches designed explicitly to take advantage of unique properties of molecular genetic information have led to the re-emergence of dispersal as an analytically tractable process that historical biogeographers can now use, along with vicariance, to reconstruct the geographical context of diversification. Concomitant with the expanding amount of information available, molecular data sets often provide for estimates of lineage divergence dates, and analytical tools for doing so continue to improve. The comparability of molecular-based estimates of phylogenetic and population genetic histories across non-related taxa has stimulated deployment of new methods to test for spatial and temporal congruence across co-distributed taxa and ecosystems, and thus increased rigour in hypothesis-testing. We illustrate how a molecular genetics framework has provided robust and novel reconstructions of historical biogeographical pattern and process in three different systems, and finish with some thoughts on the role a molecular genetic-based biogeography will play in predicting alternative futures of biodiversity.

Key Words: biodiversity • congruence • dispersal • historical biogeography • phylochronology • phylogeny • phylogeography • vicariance.

Progress in Physical Geography, Vol. 32, No. 2, 173-202 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0309133308093822


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