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Ecological biogeographyInstitute for Forest and Nature Research, PO Box 23, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands In this article, I first review recent developments in biogeography, after which I discuss some attempts at synthesis. The main body of the article, however, is devoted to the conception of ranges in terms of physiological responses to environmental variation. Because of this variation, such deterministic responses have to be described in stochastic terms in the case of local processes. Moreover, because of the same variation, species ranges will change location, size, and shape all the time, whereas internally their numerical structure shows up their dynamic nature. Ranges, therefore, are to be conceived as processes rather than as patterns, as they have been for long in the past.
Key Words: optimum-response surface risk analysis risk surface range dynamics invasions epidemics prediction.
Progress in Physical Geography, Vol. 17, No. 4,
448-460 (1993) |
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